Digital Defiance’s Affecting Use of Information Communication Technology Deployed for Prevention and Detection of Crime in Community Policing in Malawi

David Kumwenda; Mavuto Tembo; Chrispin Mphande; Vincent Nundwe; Thokozani Andrew Chazema

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11

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Digital Defiance’s Affecting Use of Information Communication Technology Deployed for Prevention and Detection of Crime in Community Policing in Malawi

David Kumwenda^*

, Mavuto Tembo, Chrispin Mphande, Vincent Nundwe, Thokozani Andrew Chazema

Published in American Journal of Applied Scientific Research (Volume 10, Issue 2)

Received: 24 May 2024 Accepted: 14 June 2024 Published: 3 July 2024

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Abstract

ICTs digital space has modernized citizen socialization amongst citizens to enhance security and is augmenting for lack of resource constraints as well as promoting less agents on ground thereby strengthening internal security through community policing. Availability of ICT gadgets, applications, and initiatives make simple and influential crime reporting and crime control. This study examines factors that affect the use of information communication technology deployed for crime prevention and detection in community policing. Mixed methods exploratory sequential design was used to collect data. Qualitative purposive sampling targeted four focus group discussions of 10 participants each and one key informant interview of 10 participants, interview guide instrument was utilized. Quantitative household survey used Yamene (1969) formular to identify 432 respondents who were randomly distributed into 10 locations of Muloza and used structured questionnaire. Qualitative data analysis follows transcribing, coding, and grouping into sub-themes, themes that answer research objectives aided by NVivo application. Quantitative analysis used descriptive statistics in SPSS version 20. Under pragmatics paradigm guided by democratic participation, social-disorganization and broken window theories, results show that the majority of ICTs are mobile telephones, which play an important role in the storage, dissemination, and replication of security information in community policing. Dominated by married persons at 56.5% in the youth category of 57.2% respondents. The police are faced with the technical challenge of installing and maintaining ICTs. The police have no ICT resources deployed for the prevention, detection, and investigation of crime in Muloza. Hence, the police rely on personal mobile phones, which are operated on do it yourself as convenience by victim or law enforcement agent to follow an issue. Regression when tested at confidence interval 95.0% showed that some factors have significance value on use of ICTs deployed for prevention and detection of crime in community policing (i) Age at p=.001 (ii) Education at p=.000 (iii) Income at p=.000 (iv) Knowledge expertise at p=.000 (v) Cost of accessing technologies at p=.009 and (vi) Trust issues between police and people at p=.009. The importance of ICTs is that they have revolutionized monitoring and surveillance that may improve prevention, detection, and investigation of crime in community policing, and allow for storage, dissemination, and replication of security information. Proper use of ICTs for prevention and detection of crime may improve police investigations. Citizens’ wide use of ICTs in formal and non-formal ways may help reduce corruption through wide information storage replication and dissemination.

Published in	American Journal of Applied Scientific Research (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11
Page(s)	24-34
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Prevention, Detection, Investigation, Deployment, ICT Enhanced Community Policing, Challenges, Obstacles, Importance, Effective

References

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[3]	Haberfeld, M. R. and Petropoulos, N., (2018). 1996 Initiatives to Integrate Technology into Community Oriented Policing – 20 Years Later. In Leventakis, G. and Haberfeld, M. R., (eds.), Societal Implications of Community-Oriented Policing and Technology, Springer Briefs in Criminology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89297-9_10
[4]	Kumwenda, D. et al., (2023). “Digital Community-Policing Application at Muloza Border of Malawi and Mozambique in Mulanje”, ijmst, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 3138-3147, Aug. 2023. https://doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i2.3069
[5]	Kumwenda, D., Tembo, M., Mphande, C., Nundwe, V., and Chazema, T. A., (2023). “Digital Mystery: Enhanced Active Citizens’ Participation Through Information Communications Technology in Community Policing”, ijmst, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 4062-4073, Aug. 2023. https://doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i2.3309
[6]	Makoza, F., & Chigona, W., 2016. Analysing Barriers in the Implementation of National ICT Policy: Case of Malawi. IIMC International Information Management Corporation, 2016. ISBN: 978-1-905824-55-7.
[7]	Maqsood, T., Madani, S. A., Nawab, B., Ullah, S., and Nyborg, I., 2019. Role of ICT in Community-Oriented Policing in South Asia: Challenges and Opportunities. Journal of Human Security \| 2019 \| Volume 15 \| Issue 2 \| Pages 21–40 https://doi.org/10.12924/johs2019.150200XX ISSN: 1835–3800.
[8]	Maramura, T. C., and Thankhathi, D. R., 2016. Challenges of ICT and Electronic Governance for Service Delivery in the Public Service. Journal of Communication 7(2): 252-256 (2016). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/32127275
[9]	Mulanje District Council, 2017. Socio-economic profile 2017-2022. Mulanje-Malawi. https://globaluploads.webflow.com/6061a9d807f5368139d1c52c/6107258d0fe57111f73f6428_Mulanje-SEP.pdf
[10]	Mutupha, J. F., & Zhu, Y., 2022. Community Policing in Malawi: Citizen Involvement, Satisfaction and Challenges. African and Asian Studies 21 (2022) 26–57.
[11]	National Statistical Office (NSO), August, 2020. National survey on access and use of Information and communications technologies by household and individual in Malawi 2019. website: www.nsomalawi.mw Accessed 20/09/23 around 1700hrs
[12]	Ngboawaji Daniel Nte, Graham Gande, Michael Uzoka (2020) The challenges and prospects of ICTs in crime prevention and management in Nigeria: A review of CCTV camera in Abuja. International Journal of criminal law studies 5(1) (2020) 7-100.
[13]	Nwokedi, V. C., (2020) Roles of ICTs in assisting internal security and community policing: A window into Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Library and Information Science Vol. 8(5). Pp. 156-163 June 2020. https://doi.org/10.14662/IJALIS2020.180
[14]	Purdy, D. W., (2013). Community Policing Theoretical Problems and Operational Issues. In Verma, A., Das, D. K., & Abraham, D. M., (Ed). Global Community Policing. Problems and Challenges. New York: Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 41-62.
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[16]	Yero, A., Othman, J. Abu Samah, B., D’Silva, J. L. & Sulaiman, A. H., 2012. Re-Visiting Concept and Theories of Community Policing. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; Vol. 4. No 4, pp. 51-55. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272877876

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Kumwenda, D., Tembo, M., Mphande, C., Nundwe, V., Chazema, T. A. (2024). Digital Defiance’s Affecting Use of Information Communication Technology Deployed for Prevention and Detection of Crime in Community Policing in Malawi. American Journal of Applied Scientific Research, 10(2), 24-34. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11

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ACS Style

Kumwenda, D.; Tembo, M.; Mphande, C.; Nundwe, V.; Chazema, T. A. Digital Defiance’s Affecting Use of Information Communication Technology Deployed for Prevention and Detection of Crime in Community Policing in Malawi. Am. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 2024, 10(2), 24-34. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11

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AMA Style

Kumwenda D, Tembo M, Mphande C, Nundwe V, Chazema TA. Digital Defiance’s Affecting Use of Information Communication Technology Deployed for Prevention and Detection of Crime in Community Policing in Malawi. Am J Appl Sci Res. 2024;10(2):24-34. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11,
  author = {David Kumwenda and Mavuto Tembo and Chrispin Mphande and Vincent Nundwe and Thokozani Andrew Chazema},
  title = {Digital Defiance’s Affecting Use of Information Communication Technology Deployed for Prevention and Detection of Crime in Community Policing in Malawi
},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Scientific Research},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {24-34},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajasr.20241002.11},
  abstract = {ICTs digital space has modernized citizen socialization amongst citizens to enhance security and is augmenting for lack of resource constraints as well as promoting less agents on ground thereby strengthening internal security through community policing. Availability of ICT gadgets, applications, and initiatives make simple and influential crime reporting and crime control. This study examines factors that affect the use of information communication technology deployed for crime prevention and detection in community policing. Mixed methods exploratory sequential design was used to collect data. Qualitative purposive sampling targeted four focus group discussions of 10 participants each and one key informant interview of 10 participants, interview guide instrument was utilized. Quantitative household survey used Yamene (1969) formular to identify 432 respondents who were randomly distributed into 10 locations of Muloza and used structured questionnaire. Qualitative data analysis follows transcribing, coding, and grouping into sub-themes, themes that answer research objectives aided by NVivo application. Quantitative analysis used descriptive statistics in SPSS version 20. Under pragmatics paradigm guided by democratic participation, social-disorganization and broken window theories, results show that the majority of ICTs are mobile telephones, which play an important role in the storage, dissemination, and replication of security information in community policing. Dominated by married persons at 56.5% in the youth category of 57.2% respondents. The police are faced with the technical challenge of installing and maintaining ICTs. The police have no ICT resources deployed for the prevention, detection, and investigation of crime in Muloza. Hence, the police rely on personal mobile phones, which are operated on do it yourself as convenience by victim or law enforcement agent to follow an issue. Regression when tested at confidence interval 95.0% showed that some factors have significance value on use of ICTs deployed for prevention and detection of crime in community policing (i) Age at p=.001 (ii) Education at p=.000 (iii) Income at p=.000 (iv) Knowledge expertise at p=.000 (v) Cost of accessing technologies at p=.009 and (vi) Trust issues between police and people at p=.009. The importance of ICTs is that they have revolutionized monitoring and surveillance that may improve prevention, detection, and investigation of crime in community policing, and allow for storage, dissemination, and replication of security information. Proper use of ICTs for prevention and detection of crime may improve police investigations. Citizens’ wide use of ICTs in formal and non-formal ways may help reduce corruption through wide information storage replication and dissemination.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Digital Defiance’s Affecting Use of Information Communication Technology Deployed for Prevention and Detection of Crime in Community Policing in Malawi

AU  - David Kumwenda
AU  - Mavuto Tembo
AU  - Chrispin Mphande
AU  - Vincent Nundwe
AU  - Thokozani Andrew Chazema
Y1  - 2024/07/03
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11
T2  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
JF  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
JO  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
SP  - 24
EP  - 34
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2471-9730
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11
AB  - ICTs digital space has modernized citizen socialization amongst citizens to enhance security and is augmenting for lack of resource constraints as well as promoting less agents on ground thereby strengthening internal security through community policing. Availability of ICT gadgets, applications, and initiatives make simple and influential crime reporting and crime control. This study examines factors that affect the use of information communication technology deployed for crime prevention and detection in community policing. Mixed methods exploratory sequential design was used to collect data. Qualitative purposive sampling targeted four focus group discussions of 10 participants each and one key informant interview of 10 participants, interview guide instrument was utilized. Quantitative household survey used Yamene (1969) formular to identify 432 respondents who were randomly distributed into 10 locations of Muloza and used structured questionnaire. Qualitative data analysis follows transcribing, coding, and grouping into sub-themes, themes that answer research objectives aided by NVivo application. Quantitative analysis used descriptive statistics in SPSS version 20. Under pragmatics paradigm guided by democratic participation, social-disorganization and broken window theories, results show that the majority of ICTs are mobile telephones, which play an important role in the storage, dissemination, and replication of security information in community policing. Dominated by married persons at 56.5% in the youth category of 57.2% respondents. The police are faced with the technical challenge of installing and maintaining ICTs. The police have no ICT resources deployed for the prevention, detection, and investigation of crime in Muloza. Hence, the police rely on personal mobile phones, which are operated on do it yourself as convenience by victim or law enforcement agent to follow an issue. Regression when tested at confidence interval 95.0% showed that some factors have significance value on use of ICTs deployed for prevention and detection of crime in community policing (i) Age at p=.001 (ii) Education at p=.000 (iii) Income at p=.000 (iv) Knowledge expertise at p=.000 (v) Cost of accessing technologies at p=.009 and (vi) Trust issues between police and people at p=.009. The importance of ICTs is that they have revolutionized monitoring and surveillance that may improve prevention, detection, and investigation of crime in community policing, and allow for storage, dissemination, and replication of security information. Proper use of ICTs for prevention and detection of crime may improve police investigations. Citizens’ wide use of ICTs in formal and non-formal ways may help reduce corruption through wide information storage replication and dissemination.

VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

David Kumwenda

Transformative Community Development Agrisciences, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0001-4598-2146
Mavuto Tembo

African Centre of Excellence in Neglected and Underutilized Biodiversity, Department of Agrisciences, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi
Chrispin Mphande

African Centre of Excellence in Neglected and Underutilized Biodiversity, Department of Agrisciences, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi
Vincent Nundwe

Transformative Community Development Agrisciences, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi
Thokozani Andrew Chazema

Transformative Community Development Agrisciences, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi

Contact Email

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APA Style

Kumwenda, D., Tembo, M., Mphande, C., Nundwe, V., Chazema, T. A. (2024). Digital Defiance’s Affecting Use of Information Communication Technology Deployed for Prevention and Detection of Crime in Community Policing in Malawi. American Journal of Applied Scientific Research, 10(2), 24-34. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11

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ACS Style

Kumwenda, D.; Tembo, M.; Mphande, C.; Nundwe, V.; Chazema, T. A. Digital Defiance’s Affecting Use of Information Communication Technology Deployed for Prevention and Detection of Crime in Community Policing in Malawi. Am. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 2024, 10(2), 24-34. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11

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AMA Style

Kumwenda D, Tembo M, Mphande C, Nundwe V, Chazema TA. Digital Defiance’s Affecting Use of Information Communication Technology Deployed for Prevention and Detection of Crime in Community Policing in Malawi. Am J Appl Sci Res. 2024;10(2):24-34. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11,
  author = {David Kumwenda and Mavuto Tembo and Chrispin Mphande and Vincent Nundwe and Thokozani Andrew Chazema},
  title = {Digital Defiance’s Affecting Use of Information Communication Technology Deployed for Prevention and Detection of Crime in Community Policing in Malawi
},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Scientific Research},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {24-34},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajasr.20241002.11},
  abstract = {ICTs digital space has modernized citizen socialization amongst citizens to enhance security and is augmenting for lack of resource constraints as well as promoting less agents on ground thereby strengthening internal security through community policing. Availability of ICT gadgets, applications, and initiatives make simple and influential crime reporting and crime control. This study examines factors that affect the use of information communication technology deployed for crime prevention and detection in community policing. Mixed methods exploratory sequential design was used to collect data. Qualitative purposive sampling targeted four focus group discussions of 10 participants each and one key informant interview of 10 participants, interview guide instrument was utilized. Quantitative household survey used Yamene (1969) formular to identify 432 respondents who were randomly distributed into 10 locations of Muloza and used structured questionnaire. Qualitative data analysis follows transcribing, coding, and grouping into sub-themes, themes that answer research objectives aided by NVivo application. Quantitative analysis used descriptive statistics in SPSS version 20. Under pragmatics paradigm guided by democratic participation, social-disorganization and broken window theories, results show that the majority of ICTs are mobile telephones, which play an important role in the storage, dissemination, and replication of security information in community policing. Dominated by married persons at 56.5% in the youth category of 57.2% respondents. The police are faced with the technical challenge of installing and maintaining ICTs. The police have no ICT resources deployed for the prevention, detection, and investigation of crime in Muloza. Hence, the police rely on personal mobile phones, which are operated on do it yourself as convenience by victim or law enforcement agent to follow an issue. Regression when tested at confidence interval 95.0% showed that some factors have significance value on use of ICTs deployed for prevention and detection of crime in community policing (i) Age at p=.001 (ii) Education at p=.000 (iii) Income at p=.000 (iv) Knowledge expertise at p=.000 (v) Cost of accessing technologies at p=.009 and (vi) Trust issues between police and people at p=.009. The importance of ICTs is that they have revolutionized monitoring and surveillance that may improve prevention, detection, and investigation of crime in community policing, and allow for storage, dissemination, and replication of security information. Proper use of ICTs for prevention and detection of crime may improve police investigations. Citizens’ wide use of ICTs in formal and non-formal ways may help reduce corruption through wide information storage replication and dissemination.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Digital Defiance’s Affecting Use of Information Communication Technology Deployed for Prevention and Detection of Crime in Community Policing in Malawi

AU  - David Kumwenda
AU  - Mavuto Tembo
AU  - Chrispin Mphande
AU  - Vincent Nundwe
AU  - Thokozani Andrew Chazema
Y1  - 2024/07/03
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11
T2  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
JF  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
JO  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
SP  - 24
EP  - 34
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2471-9730
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11
AB  - ICTs digital space has modernized citizen socialization amongst citizens to enhance security and is augmenting for lack of resource constraints as well as promoting less agents on ground thereby strengthening internal security through community policing. Availability of ICT gadgets, applications, and initiatives make simple and influential crime reporting and crime control. This study examines factors that affect the use of information communication technology deployed for crime prevention and detection in community policing. Mixed methods exploratory sequential design was used to collect data. Qualitative purposive sampling targeted four focus group discussions of 10 participants each and one key informant interview of 10 participants, interview guide instrument was utilized. Quantitative household survey used Yamene (1969) formular to identify 432 respondents who were randomly distributed into 10 locations of Muloza and used structured questionnaire. Qualitative data analysis follows transcribing, coding, and grouping into sub-themes, themes that answer research objectives aided by NVivo application. Quantitative analysis used descriptive statistics in SPSS version 20. Under pragmatics paradigm guided by democratic participation, social-disorganization and broken window theories, results show that the majority of ICTs are mobile telephones, which play an important role in the storage, dissemination, and replication of security information in community policing. Dominated by married persons at 56.5% in the youth category of 57.2% respondents. The police are faced with the technical challenge of installing and maintaining ICTs. The police have no ICT resources deployed for the prevention, detection, and investigation of crime in Muloza. Hence, the police rely on personal mobile phones, which are operated on do it yourself as convenience by victim or law enforcement agent to follow an issue. Regression when tested at confidence interval 95.0% showed that some factors have significance value on use of ICTs deployed for prevention and detection of crime in community policing (i) Age at p=.001 (ii) Education at p=.000 (iii) Income at p=.000 (iv) Knowledge expertise at p=.000 (v) Cost of accessing technologies at p=.009 and (vi) Trust issues between police and people at p=.009. The importance of ICTs is that they have revolutionized monitoring and surveillance that may improve prevention, detection, and investigation of crime in community policing, and allow for storage, dissemination, and replication of security information. Proper use of ICTs for prevention and detection of crime may improve police investigations. Citizens’ wide use of ICTs in formal and non-formal ways may help reduce corruption through wide information storage replication and dissemination.

VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

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